From june to september 1988, 51 different wildfires started in yellowstone park. by the end of the summer, approximately 794,000 acres of the park were affected, which included about 24 percent of the whitebark pine forest population, many lodgepole pine stands, and a variety of other plants and animals. which type of change was seen in the ecosystems that were affected by the 1988 fires in yellowstone park?
primary succession
secondary succession
a climax community
species extinction

The seed coat's most important function is to provide a) a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium. b) the means for dispersal. c) dormancy. d) a nutrient supply for the embryo. e) desiccation resistance.

Hector is back from his morning run and is feeling light-headed because his energy is depleted which food item will provide him with a quick source of carbohydrates

Astudy by solloch and et. al., in 2017, gives the map above which shows the frequency of alleles with a ccr5-delta32 mutations over 87 different countries. this mutation deletes the presence of a co-receptor (ccr5) on the outside of human t-cells (lymphocytes). some viruses, such as the one responsible for the black death and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), require this receptor for attachment to host cells during the infection process. the black death was an epidemic that passed over northern europe during the 14th century killing nearly 60% of europeans. according to this information, which explanation best explains why northern europeans show a greater immunity for hiv than some other parts of the world?