How did the chemicals in earth's prehistoric surface become alive

How are mutations continually being generated in a population (what are some of the causes of mutatuions? ) explain

Amylase becomes denatured at a temperature of 80°c. during an experiment to study the effect of varyingtemperature on enzyme activity, amylase’s reactivity with starch was measured at body temperature (37°c), andthen again at an increased temperature of 42°c. how would this increase in temperature affect the experiment

Pl which diagram illustrates prophase?