There are approximately 3,000,000,000 base pairs in the mammalian genome (genes constitute only a small portion of this total)

-there are approximately 10,000 genes in the mammalian genome

-a single gene averages about 10,000 base pairs in size

1) based on the assumptions above, in the mammalian genome, how many total base pairs are in all the mammalian genes? show your math.

2) what percentage of the total genome does this represent? show your math

3) what is the chance (%) that a random mutation will occur in any given gene? show your math.

this is math not biology xd

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.