4. in an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. the fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. this observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on
a. inheritance of natural variations
b. inheritance of acquired characteristics
c. natural selection
d. survival of the fittest
5. charles darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
a. diversity
b. fitness
c. adaption
d. evolution
6. similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of
a. homologous structures
b. analogous structures
c. hox genes
d. intermediate fossil forms
7. if an allele makes up one half of the frequency of a population's allele for a given trait, its allele frequency is
a. 100 percent
b. 75 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 4 percent
8. the frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated as
a. a scatter plot
b. a bell-shaped curve
c. a pie chart
d. a histogram
9. which of the following events do biologists consider a random change?
a. directional selection
b. speciation
c. disruptive selection
d. genetic drift
10. which of the following statements defines the members of a species?
a. they are temporarily isolated from each other
b. the are geographically isolated from each other
c. they mate and produce offspring
d. they have identical genes