Biology !
which of the following best describes how atp synthase is used in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion during the process of chemiosmosis?

a. it uses the energy of a proton concentration gradient to form atp from adp.
b. it generates atp from adp by absorbing energy released by the calvin cycle.
c. it breaks atp down into adp and releases energy that can be used to do work.
d. it converts atp to atp by removing an inorganic phosphate group into the cytosol.

Option A

Explanation:

In the inner membrane, the proteins move easily with the help of enzyme  

ATP synthase. These photons then starts moving back into the matrix of mitochondria thereby forming proton gradient during the electron transport chain (ETC) with the assistance of enzyme ATP synthase. When the protons flow through the membrane protein ATP synthase they catalyzes and convert ADP to ATP by gaining one extra phosphate ion.

Hence, option A is correct

the electromagnetic energy from the sun arrives in the form of visible and invisible light.

wild parsnip is a perennial plant which reproduces rapidly in areas which have no sign of agricultural activity such roadside or at no tillage open areas. it's considered invasive because it can inhibit the growth of another plant  and its reproduction is fast. there are several harmful effects of this invasive plant although its taproot is edible since it is a member of the carrot family. wild parsnips can cause skin blistering when in contact because of the chemicals it contains, second it inhibits the growth of other plants, it will restrict the growth of animals when eaten and lastly, it drives away natural pollinators like bees.