Which of the following characteristics allow the process of cellular respiration to generate atp by chemiosmosis?
a. the inner membrane of the mitochondria is nearly impervious to h+ ion diffusion
b. the transfer of electrons to oxygen to create water requires less energy than the transfer oxidation of nadh to nad+
c. “high energy” electrons are taken away from carbon molecules and used to reduce nadh
d. all of the above are required for cellular respiration to generate atp by chemiosmosis