Are capable of differentiation to form specialized cells.
a. gamete cells
b. stem cells
c. chromosomes

stratosphere: as the altitude increases, the air temperature increases. the stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. this layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. this results in the stratosphere being warmer.

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.