10. Explain the process of genetic sequencing using modern sequencers (Ion torrent, or SMRT sequencer).

the backbone of the dna and rna compound is sugar phosphate.

allowed for the prediction of the properties of missing elements.

organ system-an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues.

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.