What happens once intercelluar signals reach the inside of a cell using some type of receptor?

the signal stops.
the signal is transferred to the cytoplasm.
the signal produces protein.
intracelluar communaction takes over.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the bottleneck effect? answers a in south africa, much of the afrikaner population is descended from a small number of dutch colonists. in this population, this is an unusually high frequency of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (pxe), an elastic tissue disorder. b four white-tailed deer are introduced to a park in finland. thirty years after their introduction scientists compare the genes in the population and find that there is no variation. c during the industrial revolution, london's air became filled with soot. as a result, birds started eating more of the lighter moths because they were easier to spot than their darker counterparts. over time, the moth population changed so that there were more darker moths than lighter ones. d 10% of the population of american alligators in an area have the recessive trait albinism. a massive flood results in the death of 80% of the population. of the remaining population, 60% have the recessive trait of albinism.

Most animal cells membranes have proteins that pump ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

In which of the following relationships is one organism always benefited while the other organism is always harmed