2.) A. List the ranks in the Linnaean system of classification, beginning with the smallest. B. In which group of organisms are the members more closely associated-all of the organisms in the
same kingdom or all of the organisms in the same order? Explain your answer.

C. What do scientists mean when they say that species is the only “natural” rank in classification?

3.) A. How does evolutionary classification differ from traditional classification?

B. To an evolutionary taxonomist, what determines whether two species are in the same genus?

4.) A. What is a derived character?
B. Along any one lineage, what do the locations of derived characters on a cladogram show? In your
answer, use examples of Figure 18-9 in your book.

5.) A. How do taxonomists use the DNA sequences of species to determine how closely two species are
related?

B. Explain why the classification system of American vultures are changed. (See page 521 in your
book)

6.) A. What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?
B. Why did systematists establish the domain?

C. What were the monerans? Why did systematists split them into two kingdoms?

7.) A. What are the three domains of life?

B. Why are quotes used when describing the kindom “Protista”?

C. Do you think the tree of life cladogram will always stay the same as it is in Figure 18-18? Explain
your answer?

9.) Answer based on your cladogram below…What organisms are probably most closely related?

10.) Which characteristics are shared by the most organism?