What makes the rungs or steps of the DNA molecule? deoxyribose
phosphate group
nitrogenous bases​

Nitrogenous bases— adenine-thymine pair or a guanine-cytosine pair.

Silicon is cut into tiny pieces for computer chipslead is melted to form pelletsliquid water freezes to form ice

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11