16. cladistics, the evolutionary relationship between two organisms is determined by (a) analogous structures (b) shared derived characters () homologous structures (d) embryological relationships (e) structural similarity.

Each hereditary trait corresponds to

How does science influence the decisions made about social, economic, and political issues?

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.