A cell undergoes meiosis. How do the gametes it produces compare with the original cell and with one another? a. The gametes are genetically identical with the parent cell and with one another. b. The gametes have half the chromosomes of the parent cell, and are genetically identical with one another. c. The gametes have half the chromosomes of the parent cell, and are genetically different from one another. d. The gametes have one fourth of the chromosomes of the parent cell, and are genetically identical with one another.

chlorophyll a: this is the most abundant pigment in plants. chlorophyll a absorbs light with wavelengths of 430nm(blue) and 662nm(red). it reflects green light strongly so it appears green to us.

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.