Complete glucose breakdown requires the presence of oxygen to keep the working so that ATP is produced. When oxygen is absent, an anaerobic process called fermentation occurs instead, producing fewer ATP molecules overall. During this process, glycolysis proceeds as normal with glucose splitting into 2 molecules, which are then phosphorylated into 2 molecules, and finally converted into 2 molecules. However, at this point, the 2 molecules are , freeing NAD⁺ to return to the glycolytic pathway. The results of are ATP molecules and 2 molecules in animals and bacteria or 2 molecules in plants and yeast. Because these molecules enter the citric acid cycle or the electron transport chain, the net gain for fermentation is ATP molecules, compared to ATP molecules in cellular respiration.

i think its y= -4x-14

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

answer; projective;

answer; the male's sperm cells have mitochondria, but because the sperm contributes dna but no cytoplasm, no mitochondria are passed to the egg at ferilization;