We have evidence to support the claim that the trait of antibiotic resistance has increased in many species of bacteria since penicillin became the first commercially available antibiotic in the 1940's. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction (meaning one cell reproduces identical copies of itself). All bacterial populations have the potential to undergo changes in traits; creating populations of bacteria that have a large variation in traits. Identify TWO processes that contribute to variation of traits in an actively reproducing population of bacteria. Be sure to discuss each of the following in your response:
-the relationship between nucleic acids, proteins, and traits (gene expression)
-the regulation of gene expression (methylation, acetylation, regulatory genes/proteins)
-specialization and differentiation of cells (as the result of regulated gene expression)

from my research i have to the conclusion that decomposers, such as fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, play a critical role in nutrient cycling and without them the earth's ecosystem may not support life as we know it. elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus exist in limited amounts on earth, although huge amounts of carbon are being released into the atmosphere from underground sources now by humans. it is still extremely important that other nutrients be retained by the process of re-use. decomposers are organisms that are able to chemically break down dead material and make these elements available for use by other organisms. without this breakdown of dead material, dead bodies would pile up. so decomposers also play a role in clean up also. without them, life might not continue as we know it and dead material would overwhelm the earth.    

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

the answer you are looking for is the united states forest service.

hope this !