You are testing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions with an orthopaedic surgeon. You recorded the following load-deformation data for an experimental femur-ACL-tibia reconstruction in an animal model. The harvested reconstructions were tested in tension until the ligament reached failure. The ACL cross-sectional area was 130 mm2 and the bone-to-bone resting length of the ligament was 2.9 cm. (a) When performing this test, name one thing that had to be done during the testing procedure that would not be done if you were performing a test on a metal specimen.

Chapter 11.1 & 11.2 notes section 11.1 1. every living thing has a set of ? inherited from its parents. 2. after becoming a ? , mendel spent several years studying ? and mathematics at the university of vienna. 3. during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join, a process known as ? . 4. pea flowers are normally ? , which means that sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the ? flowers. 5. when mendel crossed plants with ? characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters. 6. a ? is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another. 7. filius and filia are the latin words for ? and ? . 8. the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called ? . 9.to mendel's surprise, all of the offspring had the character of only ? of the parents. 10. mendel's first conclusion was that biological inheritance is determined by ? that are ? from one generation to the next. 11. scientist calls the chemical factors that determine traits ? . 12. mendel's second conclusion is the ? . 13. the principle of dominance states that some alleles are ? and others are ? . 14. when mendel allowed the f1 plants to reproduce by self-pollination the traits controlled by ? alleles reappeared in about ? of the f2 plants in each cross.

Restriction enzymes are used in making recombinant dna. describe the role restriction enzymes perform when constructing recombinant dna.

Substances that can pass through cell membranes by diffusion include a. na ions. b. proteins c. glucose. d. oxygen.