A scientist studying phenotypic variation in a species of butterfly observed that genetically identical caterpillars grown in similar cages but exposed to different colored lights developed into butterflies with differences in wing color and body size

The fish shown above is a tarpon. it is a fast-swimming and powerful open-water fish. its closest relatives, oddly, are burrow-dwelling conger eels that stay on the bottom. both eels and tarpon developed from snake-like larvae that float in the plankton during the first stages of life. once they mature, tarpon and eels are not found near one another in the ocean. the tarpon and the eel illustrate all of the following except