Which is the best evidence that the climate of a location has changed overtime

direct surface temperature measurements. changes in rainfall and weather patterns. an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events.

Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that Earth's climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks.

Strongest Evidence:

Scientists say the accumulation of heat in the oceans is the strongest evidence of how fast Earth is warming due to heat-trapping gases released by the burning of fossil fuels.

https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/

It's not exactly for a specific place, more evidence in general.

If you want for a specific place this is how climate change was discovered in Greenland.

https://www.britannica.com/science/climate-change/Evidence-for-climate-change

Hope this helps