Kettlewell's experiment is included in most biology texts as an example of evolution occurring. How do we know that the moths evolved

wegner's theory did not explain how the continents could move

explanation:

i think it is d. objects resist changes in their state of motion.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).