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Replication occurs in three major steps:

the opening of the double helix and separation of

DNA strands, the priming of the template strand,

and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During

separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called origin.

the electromagnetic energy from the sun arrives in the form of visible and invisible light.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.