The number of penguins can be used to monitor changes in temperature of the environment. Temperature readings could also be taken using a thermometer. What is the advantage of using penguins, instead of a thermometer, to monitor changes in temperature of the environment?

Living organisms show long-term changes

Explanation:

The changes in climatic conditions can be evidenced by monitoring populations of wild species which are forced to adapt to survive. Penguin populations can help us not only to monitor but also to predict climatic fluctuations (e.g., temperature changes associated with Antarctic warming) in a whole context. Fluctuations in penguin populations in the Antarctic region show structural changes in the food chain, thereby population monitoring provides a means of assessing climate change as a whole, in the long term.