How are the mutations in a genome similar to printing a book?

a) every letter in a book resembles the mutations in the genome.
b) errors that appear in one copy can be copied to all other copies of the book.
c) like printing errors, mutations always negatively affect the final product.
d)just as a single book is printed at a time, a single mutation is read at a time.

Its B) Errors that appear in one copy can be copied to all other copies of the book.

Explanation:

Mutations are change at the gene level which happens sometimes during the duplication of DNA. The repair mechanism in our body usually corrects the error but if it fails then the mutated gene remains. These mutated gene results in altered protein which can be either useful or harmful. Mutations are not necessarily harmful. For example in African population mutation resulting in sickle cell RBC protects them from malaria. Mutations in bacteria help them to survive against the action of antibiotics. This results in the formation of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.

Some mutations are called silent or neutral mutations because it shows neither positive nor negative effect on the organism.

Mutations can also lead to cancer specifically when the tumor suppressor genes are mutated in our body.  

1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation:

substitution is the answer in this case