1. What were the conditions on the planet when life began?

The early Earth had no ozone layer and was probably very hot. The early Earth also had no free oxygen. Without an oxygen atmosphere very few things could live on Earth. Anaerobic bacteria were probably the first living things on Earth.

the father in the first generation probably had the recessive colorblind trait in his x chromosome. if he and his wife both had the colorblind trait, even if she had 1 recessive and 1 dominant, then that trait would be passed on to their kids.

(since you didn't attach the family tree this is just an assumption)

this would be a math