How magma is generated in a subduction zone? How magma rising from a subduction zone causes a chain of volcanoes on the surface?

As a tectonic plate slides into the mantle, the hotter layer beneath Earth's crust, the heating releases fluids trapped in the plate. These fluids, such as seawater and carbon dioxide, rise into the upper plate and can partially melt the overlying crust, forming magma. As the magmas are lighter than the mantle and start to rise above the subduction zones to produce a linear belt of volcanoes parallel to the oceanic trench.

Explanation:

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

this age may represent the age of the earth's accretion, of core formation, or of the material from which the earth formed. this dating is based on evidence from radiometric age-dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.