The Law of Independent Assortment states that Factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other. and the Law of Segregation states that Two factors of the same trait separate into different gametes. . For Independent Assortment to work on the genetic scale there must be More than one trait controlled by each gene. that align during Metaphase of meiosis 1. For Segregation to work on a genetic scale there must be Only one gene that controls the phenotype. that separate during Anaphase of meiosis 1.