What is the significance of anaphase in this process? a

Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

b

Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

С

In anaphase, the cell splits in half.

d

In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated.

a ) Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Explanation:

 Mitosis: After DNI duplication and condensation, Sister chromatids of the chromosome, are held together in the equatorial plane until they reach the Anaphase, during which certain enzymes are activated to break the bonds among them and the separation of the chromatids occur, migrating to the opposite poles.   Meiosis: Gamete formation involves the random and independent segregation of the alleles. After crossing-over, homologous chromosomes which are located in the equatorial plane, get separated. During anaphase I  occur the independent separation of homologous chromosomes that migrate to opposite poles of the cell. This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells. There are two alternatives per homologous pair. During Anaphase II, enzymes are activated to break the bonds that keep together the chromosome and separate the sister chromatids.

Anaphase (Mitosis) and Anaphase II (Meiosis) are very similar. By separating sister chromatids, anaphase is responsible that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Some mutations or alterations in the chromatids migration process might occur during anaphase, such as non-disjunction, which is a defect or mistake in the separation of the homologous chromosomes during anaphase of the meiotic division.