In the 19th century, the Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge was a rich source of shellfish. In 1972, Congress had declared it close for shellfishing. In what way can urbanization affect the shellfish population in this wildlife refuge? A) soil erosion
B) fragmentation
C) habitat loss
D) flooding
E) acid rain

The rate that would change would be the  searching efficiency/attack rate. there are only two other rates in this model: the  growth rate of prey, and the  predator or consumer mortality rate.the  searching efficiency/attack rate is what indicates how effectively can a predator capture its prey whether in the searching process or actual capturing/attacking process. 

Hey .a. is the correct option

Ibelieve the answer is b) aerosol inhalation may lead to heart attacks.

The answer is:   [a]:   "heart disease, cancer, and stroke" .