What is the difference between phototropism , gravitropism , hydrotropism , and thigmotropism

Geo- means earth, tropism is movement. Geotropism is what makes roots grow toward gravity and shoots grow away from gravity, so that plants are oriented correctly in the ground.

The response of plants or animals towards light is called phototropism.

When the response is towards the light, it is called positive phototropism.

And when the response is away from the source of light, it is called negative phototropism.

For example, we see plants bending towards sunlight. It is actually their response towards light and is called positive phototropism.

Thigmotropism is the directional response of a plant organ to touch or physical contact with a solid object. This directional response is generally caused by the induction of some pattern of differential growth. This phenomenon is clearly illustrated by the climbing tendrils of some plants, such as the sweet pea

the most common energy conversion is from kinetic energy to potential energy, and then from potential energy to kinetic energy.

later on comes the heat energy, mechanical energy, and other energy conversions.

this energy conversion is so common that we can find it in our day to day lives as well.

- one of the most common energy conversions involves the changing of potential energy to kinetic energy or kinetic energy to potential energy

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products