Helpp?? i do not understand

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium, at what rate does speciation occur? species change depending on the rate of natural selection. after periods of stasis, new species evolve relatively rapidly. species change slowly and eventually form new species. some species change quickly and others change slowly to balance the overall rate.

Vinegar has a ph of 3, and household ammonia has a ph of 11. is the concentration of h+ greatest in the vinegar or ammonia?

Which feature would you expect to find in a population in which sexual selection depends on male competition?