Effectively navigating and understanding primary literature is an important step in your journey as a scientist. Primary literature is where scientists share their work with other scientists and contribute new findings to their field. What makes primary literature different from other sources, like magazines or news web sites, is that it is peer reviewed, which means that other scientists review the paper before it is published. Do the following:

a. Identity why the research is important
b. Describe how the research relates to the biology you're learning in your course.
c. Analyze results from experiments described in the paper.
d. Summarize how the findings of this research advance the field.

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explanation:

b,bacteria convert nitrates

into nitrogen gas.

d,plants and animals take in

and use nitrogen compounds.

e,bacteria break down waste    

products and return nitrogen  

to the soil.

a,bacteria convert atmospheric

nitrogen to ammonia.

c,bacteria convert ammonia

to nitrites and nitrates.

emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.

1. is geographic distribution

2 is increasing complexity

3 is transitional forms