The three most common ways that bacteria diversify their DNA are transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Genetic Material: the material in our cells that makes us who we are inside and out.
Deoxyribonucelic Acid (DNA): hereditary material found in the nucleus.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): genetic material that differs from DNA through its chemical bases.
DNA contains all the secrets that make you so awesome! So, it is super important that the cell keeps the DNA safe. DNA has so much information that it could stretch from the earth to the sun four times! No seriously, four times! I'm sure you're thinking, how does all that information get into something so small? Well, DNA is highly organized in order to keep all information safe, yet accessible to the cell. This is a great thing because you don't want to lose your awesomeness! DNA is comprised of four chemical bases also known as nucleotides: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These bases pair with one another, A with T and C with G. Each base is attached to a sugar (ribose) and a phosphate molecule: hence the name deoxyribonucleic acid.
Now that we have the basic building blocks of DNA, let's get into the structure. DNA is double stranded, and each strand is held together by the pairing of the nucleotides. Remember what we mentioned above: A loves T and C loves G. These bases never cheat on one another; they only pair with the partner they love! The double stranded DNA is spirally coiled to form a helix. You will find many textbooks refer to DNA as a double helix. This double helix looks much like a ladder with the nucleotides representing the rungs on the ladder and the sugar and phosphate are the sides. The double helixes are then wrapped around proteins called histones and packaged into chromosomes.
The other type of genetic material called ribonucleic acid (RNA) is structurally similar to DNA, but there are a few differences--primarily in their chemical bases. Before we get more into the differences, let's examine the similarities. Both have a sugar, phosphate group, and four chemical bases. Unlike DNA which is double stranded, RNA is single stranded. The other major difference is the bases that are found in RNA. RNA contains adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). So, in RNA the base thymine is replaced with uracil. In RNA the base pairs are A loves U and C loves G.
Explanation:
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