One of the primary advantages of cell culture is the ability to isolate a single type of cell from a multicellular organish How has this advance changed the study of biology? Single-type cultures are easier and cheaper to maintain than cultures made of mixed cell types. Scientists can completely avoid using animal or human test subjects during their experiments. Cukures with single cell types behave in culture as they would behave in a tissue or organ. Scientists know that any response during an experiment is associated only with that cell type. exa as

What are charcteristics of lithosphere?

This is a typical grassland food web. it is also a small picture of an important cycle on earth: the carbon cycle. describe how the carbon gets into this food web. a) bacteria and fungi, the decomposers, recycle carbon from dead organisms. b) carbon is found in the grass and is passed from one level to the next in this food web. eliminate c) all living things give off carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration and it is released into the atmosphere. d) plants use carbon dioxide as a reactant in photosynthesis, to make usable chemical energy in the form of a sugar.

Protein and polypeptide sequences can be determined by first partially hydrolyzing the protein or polypeptide followed by amino acid sequencing of the fragment pieces using the chemical degradation process known as edman degradation. determine the sequence of the initial (18-amino acid) polypeptide that produces the following five partial sequences after hydrolysis and edman degradation.