Describe the relationship between dna, chromosomes, and genes.

DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is a chemical substance which is called as the genetic material of all living organisms. It is packaged into the threadlike structure, called as chromosomes. This means that chromosomes are composed of a chemical substance, which is called as DNA.  

Whereas, genes are the segment of DNA ( which code for specific proteins) present on the chromosomes. Thus, they carry information for specific trait of the individual ( like eye color)  

In summary, their composition and functions are similar as all play a significant role in passing information from one generation to next and thus, determine the characteristics of the offspring.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double stranded molecule which carries the genetic information. The long stretch of DNA is condensed to form a compact structure called as chromosome. A gene is sequence of DNA which encodes a protein.

Further Explanation:

DNA is enclosed in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but in prokaryotes DNA is present in the cytoplasm. DNA is transcribed to RNA and then it is translated to form protein.

Different genes encodes for different types of protein. A chromosome is the condensed form of DNA where it is wrapped around the histone protein which resembles the beads on a string. And this structure is called as nucleosome and it prevents the accessibility of the DNA from transcription factors. Chromatin is the structure which contains group of nucleosome and the next highly condensed level is the chromatin loops.  

Chromosome contains a group of genes and there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human somatic cell. Therefore, chromosome is a thread like and highly coiled structure which compacts DNA inside the nucleus.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about difference in DNA and RNA

2. Learn more about similarity between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

3. Learn more about site of protein synthesis

Answer Details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Gene Biology

Keywords:

Chromosome, gene, nucleosome, chromatin, transcription, cytoplasm, protein, nucleus, somatic cell, Deoxyribonucleic acid.

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