What requires energy(atp) to transport molecules against a cencentration gradient?

All individuals have two alleles for a given trait. according to mendel's these alleles are passed down one each from both mother and father.

20. in humans, freckles are dominant to no freckles. trey has no freckles and his wife anna grace has freckles, but her dad doesn't. they want to know what percentage of their kids would look like trey. show a punnett square to support your answer.

If animal agriculture was eliminated, how much grain would become available for human consumption?