When fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote is a diploid cell containing two of every type of chromosome. This is because one of each type of chromosome is – a
deleted during the fertilization process
b
duplicated within sperm cells
c
mutated by ultraviolet radiation
d
contributed by both parents

d  contributed by both parents

Explanation:

The zygote is formed by the fusion of two gametes (the sperm and the egg). Each gamete is haploid, which means it contains one copy of every chromosome.

When the gametes fuse during fertilization, the diploid state is restored, and the zygote has two copies of every chromosome - one from the mother and one from the father.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.