In aerobic respiration, what is the direct source of energy that atp synthase uses to synthesize atp?

The correct answer would be the proton gradient.

Oxidation of NADH and FADH₂ release high energy electrons which are passed through the electron transport chain.

Some of the energy of these free electrons are used to form a proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria in which the enzyme ATP synthase is placed.

The protons from the inter-membrane space pass down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase.

The movement of protons (charged particles) down the concentration gradient produces energy some of which is used by ATP synthase in order to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.

archaebacteria are found in in forest soil.

hope i spelled it right lol

hope i

-lavira: )

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!