Most of the techniques, such as blotting, cloning, PCR, etc., are dependent on intermolecular attractions (annealing) between different populations of nucleic acids. Length of the strands, temperature, and percentage of GC nucleotides weigh considerably on intermolecular associations. Why should multiplex PCR be any different than single primer set PCR in terms of dependability and ease of optimization

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Witch theory suggests all living things are made up of cell or cells

14) whenever diploid populations are in hardy-weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus a) the allele's frequency should not change from one generation to the next, but its representation in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes may change. b) natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift are acting equally to change an allele's frequency. c) this means that, at this locus, two alleles are present in equal proportions. d) the population itself is not evolving, but individuals within the population may be evolving.