3. A section of DNA has been mutated. The original DNA was TAC CTC ACC GAG CGT.
The mutated DNA is TAC CTC ACT GAG CGT.
What is the impact of this particular mutation on the organism? In order to find out, you need to transcribe and translate the codons.

The mutation that involves the change in the sequence of DNA bases is reflected both in the transcription of mRNA and in translation, giving rise to an alteration in the protein, which may not function and whose impact on the organism is a morphological or functional alteration.

Explanation:

According to this scenario, the DNA has experienced a mutation by changing the sequence by one of its bases, Cytosine by Thymine, producing in the mRNA a termination codon that interrupts the normal synthesis of the protein, preventing that protein from fulfilling its function. This particular mutation is called Nonsense mutation.

For normal DNA

DNA      TAC CTC ACC GAG CGT

mRNA    AUG GAG UGG CUC GCA

Protein   Met - Glu - Trp - Leu - Ala

For the mutated DNA

DNA      TAC CTC ACT GAG CGT

mRNA   AUG GAG UGA CUC GCA

Protein  Met - Glu - STOP - Leu - Ala

The change of a cytosine by Thymine in the mutated DNA produces that the third codon of the mRNA is altered, encoding a UGA termination codon, which prematurely stops the protein synthesis and originates an incomplete protein, probably not functional, whose impact in the organism is a morphological or functional alteration.

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