The picture is of a starch named amylose. Starches are long chains of glucose molecules. In the diagram, every time you see two lines intersect you can assume that a carbon atom (C) exists there. Starches and sugars are members of the carbohydrate family of biomolecules. All biomolecules are organic, which means that their backbones are made of chains or rings of ?

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.