(a) Describe the process in meiosis that ensures that both maternal and paternal chromosomes are passed on to each spermatozoon.

Explanation:

Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the ploidy of the organism reduces to half in the daughter cells.

Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell with a different combination of the genetic material but haploid chromosomes.

The meiosis process takes place in two stages in which during the first stage, the homologous chromosomes separate reducing the chromosome number to half that is from diploid chromosomes of parents to haploid in daughter.

Since the process of meiosis form haploid gametes in both male and female therefore after fertilization restores the diploid chromosomes of the parent cell and form a diploid structure.