What is the process by which food produced in photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to
the growing regions of plants and storage
organs?

Translocation

Explanation:

Biosynthesis of carbohydrates in green plants is called photosynthesis. This proces uses inorganic carbon (CO2), water and solar energy in a complex, multi-step process in mesophyll cells of leaves (sources).

Afterward,  plants optimize the reaction products for use or storage in other regions. Plants form sucrose, as an energy-efficient storage molecule for transportation and later storage.

These sugars move through the mesophyll via plasmodesmata;  here, they reach phloem sieve tube elements in vascular bundles. From the STEs, they  are actively transported against their concentration gradient  to the phloem.

When the sugars enter the phloem,  their high concentration cause water to move into the phloem from neighboring xylem vessel. This increases the water pressure inside the phloem, causing the sap to move towards sinks. Sinks may be actively growing regions or storage like the roots.  There, the sucrose is polymerized into starch for long term storage.

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