Chemical analysis of the oxygen isotopes in foraminifera shells allow scientists to create a climate record like the one shown here. The chemical composition of shells depends on the temperature of the surrounding water and the presence or absence of large polar ice sheets.

The proton has a positive charge while the neutron has no charge they both make up the nucleus of the atom while the elections have a negative charge and surround the nucleus of the atom. the protons and electrons are used to calculate the atom's mass whereas the neutrons don't affect the mass

What is the question? if you were looking to design a method of separating something, you can separate this compound by putting both in water and allowing the water to dissolve the sugar. then pour it into another beaker and evaporate it then boom! salt and sugar : ) 

Streaks on the face of wave rock