1. How did the occurrences of the different traits change over the 30-year period. what you know about natural selection and adaptation, what
generalization can you make based on these changes?

3. in the fruit fly, recessive mutation brown, b, causes brown color of the eye and absence of red pigment. recessive mutation p of another independent gene causes purple color of the eye and absence of brown pigment. the cross of a brown-eyed female and purple-eyed male produced wild type eyes. what will be the colors and their ratio in f2?