g What is the likely fate of the acentric fragment (the part not connected to the other chromatids) when the homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I

The acentric fragment gets lost during anaphase I

Explanation:  

There are different kinds of structural chromosomal abnormalities. One of them is the formation of a shorter chromosome and an acentric fragment. By deletion, it might occur a fragment loss in a segment of a chromosome. The chromosome breaks, resulting in a much shorter chromosome, plus a smaller fragment without centromere.

As the acentric fragment does not have a centromere, so during division, it will not be properly directed to one of the poles, and hence, it will be lost during the process of cellular division.

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the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.