synthesis of an oligonucleotide with a sequence deviating in at least one base from the wild-type gene followed by replacement of the wild-type gene with the synthetic sequence is known a

Site-directed mutagenesis

Explanation:

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is a technique widely used in molecular biology in order to generate site-specific, targeted changes in the DNA sequence of a gene of interest. The SDM protocol consists of using a complementary oligonucleotide (primer) that contains the desired mutation, which hybridizes to the target DNA sequence and thus can trigger the desired mutation. Nowadays, the versatile CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system is the most used technique to produce targeted mutations in any gene of interest.

i think that is new experiments yield untrustworthy data and should be carefully considered, because you don't know what will happen with the experiments.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.