Please help 40 points. questions in picture (real answers only please)

What advantages does a pedigree have over a written passage?

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs.c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population.d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.

What does the number 18.9984 represent in the image?