In some cases, two or more pigments may overlap each other on the chromatogram, making it difficult to isolate and identify them. What are some things you could do to modify the method to improve pigment separation (distance between pigments)

Explanation:

Silical gel, a small thin layer plate can be used for separating the pigments.

Mixture pigments should be applied to the silica gel in a very thin layer to allow the pigments separate into distinct bands that will not overlap as they migrate up the plate. If the line is thinner, the separation will be better.

The method may be applicable to all kinds of plant materials including algae

Samples to be applied should be enough so that the pigment band do not become too faint.

Silical gel can also be used to remove water from fresh materials before extracting pigments.

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.