Propose an explanation for why populations of top carnivores, such as hawks, are always smaller than the populations of herbivores, such as caterpillars.

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Propose an explanation for why populations of top carnivores, such as hawks, are always smaller than the populations of herbivores, such as caterpillars. Because only ~10% of the energy gets transferred up the pyramid, it takes a lot of the previous level to sustain the next higher level.

the father in the first generation probably had the recessive colorblind trait in his x chromosome. if he and his wife both had the colorblind trait, even if she had 1 recessive and 1 dominant, then that trait would be passed on to their kids.

(since you didn't attach the family tree this is just an assumption)

but there is no

i guess you forgot putting it.