A dihybrid cross experiment is carried out in pea plants. The traits being observed are flower color and stem length. In the F2 generation, 81 plants have purple flowers and long stems, 27 plants have purple flowers and short stems, 27 plants have white flowers and long stems, and 3 plants have white flowers and short stems. Which traits are recessive?

A. purple flowers, long stem
B. purple flowers, short stem
C. white flowers, short stem
D. white flowers, long stem