1. During the process of decay, and
convert complex chemicals into
ones. For example, proteins are converted to
and
to fatty acids and glycerol.
These decay processes involve the biological catalysts
called
and so the processes are affected by changes in
and
Humans exploit decay,
for example in the treatment of
to provide drinking
water, and may deliberately limit decay, for example the preservation of

The empty trna moves off and picks up another matching amino acid from the cytoplasm in the cell. the anticodon of the trna, with its attached amino acid, pairs to the codon of the mrna, which is attached to a ribosome. this sequence is repeated until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mrna, which signals the end of protein synthesis. the ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids, and an amino acid chain begins to form. when a second trna with its specific amino acid pairs to the next codon in sequence, the attached amino acid breaks from the first trna and is bonded to the amino acid of the second trna.